The Legal and Ethical Challenges of Human Organ Transplantation

Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar; Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar

doi:10.30649/jhek.v5i2.269

Penulis

Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v5i2.269

Kata Kunci:

Transplantasi Organ, Kesehatan, Komersial

Abstrak

Transplantasi organ manusia telah menjadi topik hangat seiring dengan perkembangan hukum dan teknologi. Melalui proses transplantasi, seseorang dapat memperoleh organ dari orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perdebatan antara konsep kemanusiaan dan alasan ekonomi dalam pelaksanaan transplantasi organ serta konsep pengaturan hukum terkait transplantasi organ di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, serta menggunakan bahan hukum sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menjawab isu utama terkait diskursus transplantasi organ di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa transplantasi organ manusia tetap kompleks secara etis, karena tekanan ekonomi dan kemiskinan sering memengaruhi persetujuan, yang mengarah pada eksploitasi dan komersialisasi. Meskipun ada larangan hukum, ketegangan antara tujuan kemanusiaan dan kebutuhan ekonomi tetap ada, yang menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan dalam memastikan donasi sukarela, keadilan, dan perlindungan martabat manusia. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan Pasal 124 sampai Pasal 134 dan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 Pasal 325 sampai Pasal 381, yang menegaskan tata cara, persyaratan medis, serta aspek etika dan hukum pelaksanaan transplantasi organ untuk kepentingan kemanusiaan dan pemulihan kesehatan, serta dinyatakan terlarang untuk tujuan komersial.

Referensi

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Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health.

Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024.

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Cohen, L. R. (2017). Organ and Tissue Transplantation. (Chapter reference mentioned in citation).

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Administration Health Resources & Services. (2025). Organ Donation Statistics. Organdonor.gov. https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/organ-donation- statistics

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